The most significant qualities of the deities were represented Celtiberian or assimilated to those animals that had, noting the horse or bull. The Celtic word that means par excellence to the shrine is the Nemeton, where communication occurs between men and gods, which can be a clearing in the forest atop a mountain or a high (Peñalba of Villastar, Teruel ), sources, rivers or a cave, also there are references to domestic shrines. The Celts are not locked to their gods in enclosures constructed, developed their worship outdoors. In addition, fish and birds, along the horses were closely related to the underworld and that, through its medium, air and water, transporting souls to the unearthly worlds Places of Worship The sun, moon and their cycles were suggestive of death and resurrection, as the night gave birth to the day. Often the representation of men with horse heads with big horns sheathed in arms or bull masks that indicate religious rituals associated with these animals. Prominent were the rituals associated with fire, possibly related to the sun, as the summer solstice festivals of purification celebrated career, struggles, sacrifices and dances. They had their heads hanging from their horses or exhibited as trophies in their homes to ward off evil influences, practices relating to the Celtic belief that the head is the essence of the human person, which must be related to the frequency of such representations in the Celtic world. This practice, documented in other places such as Gaul seems to have taken on the Iberian Peninsula an apotropaic purpose. There were rituals of propitiatory nature of contact with the divine and the symbolic cutting of hands or head. This same outfit, complete with animal masks, was probably used by the officiating in those rituals of divination nature referred by traditional sources, trying to predict events by reading the entrails, the flight of birds or eclipses. For example, in one of the vessels there is a scene culling, featuring characters dressed in robes and conical headdress decorated. Not many of them preserved evidence, but Numantian ceramics are one of the main pillars of their knowledge. Leaving aside the gods, another interesting aspect of the religion of the Celts is the ritual.
So gods like Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, Hercules and Apollo were the subject of syncretic associations in large parts of Celtiberian. Ultimately, it is necessary to consider the group of deities assimilated Latino celtiberica the religious sphere as a result of cultural interaction between human contingents produced.
The large number of representations of solar disc tetrasqueles Celtiberian painted ceramics and engravings on the foundations of homes on the advice, having all of them probably have a protective function of the dwelling and its occupants. Similarly, also had important astral deities of nature. These spaces were not identified with gods in itself, but with points of manifestation of divinity. Second, be considered an integral part of the pantheon Celtiberian, a set of local gods associated with natural elements and accidents. Would complete this group of deities other, less common in the epigraphy and iconography, as Cernunnos, depicted with deer antlers on his head, a symbol of immortality and fertility, or the gods Sucellus, assimilated the wolf, and egrets, among others. For their part, were gods Epona Matres and female character, the former identified with the idea of fertility and the second to the protection of the deceased. Lug, the most cited and important of all, is shown as a solar deity, bringing together in itself all the functions. Lug, the Matres and Epona, as epigraphic and iconographic analysis, appear to have wielded a strong position within this group. Assuming that the religion of the Celts was political in nature, can be said that his tomb was composed of various types of deities, most of them documented by indigenous theonyms present in epigraphic sources.įirst, authorities must be seen panceltica sacred essence, that is, those whose cult was shared by all communities possessing a Celtic cultural substrate.
Nevertheless, one of the areas best known is the gods. The difficulty of studying the religious symbolic expressions derived mainly from the paucity of data provided, both classical and literary sources for the archaeological record. One of the most complex to analyze within the cultural field is Celtiberian beliefs. The texts of the Greco-Roman authors, representations of the ceramics and archaeological research can know some details about the gods and rites of the Celts.
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